新疆医科大学学报

目的 探讨父母教养方式与个体主观幸福感对青少年近视的影响，为近视防控提供家庭心理干预理论依据。方法 采用横断面研究设计，通过多阶段分层整群抽样法，纳入2021年2-4月上海市1 739名高中生及大学生。通过结构化问卷收集人口学特征、用眼行为、父母教养方式及个体主观幸福感数据。采用单因素和多因素分析近视的独立影响因素。结果 本研究学生群体总体近视率为75.3%。单因素分析结果显示，性别、父母亲近视情况、每日电子产品使用时长、睡眠时长、户外活动时长、是否主动放松双眼、父亲/母亲情感温暖理解、惩罚与严厉、过分干涉、过分保护、拒绝否认、偏爱被试和主观幸福感中学业、学校、环境、积极情感维度与近视相关(P均<0.05)。多元Logistic回归分析结果显示，父亲拒绝否认(OR=0.908,95%CI:0.837～0.985,P<0.05)、父亲偏爱被试(OR=0.838,95%CI:0.738～0.952,P<0.05)、母亲惩罚与严厉(OR=0.893,95%CI:0.833～0.957,P<0.001)是近视的保护因素；母亲拒绝否认(OR=1.169,95%CI:1.095～1.249,P<0.001)是近视的危险因素。结论 近视防控应结合家庭教育模式的优化和心理健康的促进，通过减轻学生学业压力、提升积极情绪等多维度进行干预，以降低近视发生率。

Objective To analyze the impact of family parenting styles and individual subjective well-being on adolescent myopia, and to provide a theoretical basis for family psychological interventions in myopia prevention and control. Methods A cross-sectional study design was adopted. From February to April 2021, 1 739 high school and college students in Shanghai were included through a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method. Data on demographic characteristics, eye-use behaviors, parenting styles and individual subjective well-being were collected using structured questionnaires. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to analyze the independent influencing factors of myopia. Results The overall myopia rate of the student group in this study was 75.3%. Univariate analysis revealed associations between myopia and the following variables: gender, myopia status of the parents, daily usage time of electronic products, sleep duration, duration of outdoor activities, active eye relaxation, paternal/maternal emotional warmth and understanding, punishment and strictness, over-interference, over-protection, rejection and denial, preferential treatment toward subjects, as well as the academic, school, environmental and positive affect dimensions of subjective well-being. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed paternal rejection and denial(OR=0.908, 95%CI: 0.837-0.985, P<0.05), paternal favoritism(OR=0.838, 95%CI: 0.738-0.952, P<0.05), and maternal punishment and strictness(OR=0.893, 95%CI: 0.833-0.957, P<0.001) were protective factors against myopia, while maternal rejection and denial(OR=1.169, 95%CI: 1.095-1.249, P<0.001) was a risk factor for myopia. Conclusion Myopia prevention and control should integrate the optimization of family education models with the promotion of mental health. Multidimensional interventions, such as reducing students′ academic pressure and enhancing positive emotions, should be implemented to lower the incidence of myopia.