新疆医科大学学报

目的 探讨成年居民膳食模式与超重/肥胖的相关性，为其超重/肥胖的防治提供参考依据。方法 采用横断面调查方法，以2023年7-9月新疆某县参加健康体检的≥18岁常住居民作为研究对象，对符合纳入和排除标准的居民进行膳食营养现况调查，包括基本情况调查、膳食调查和体格测量。根据体质指数(BMI)将研究对象分为体重正常、超重、肥胖三组，采用主成分分析法建立膳食模式，用调整混杂因素的Logistic回归模型分析不同膳食模式与超重/肥胖的相关性。结果 (1)共纳入605人，体重正常组234人(38.68%),超重组213人(35.20%),肥胖组158人(26.12%),调查人群超重/肥胖率为61.32%。三组间在性别、年龄、职业类型、婚姻状况、户籍类型、既往病史、慢性病数量、家族病史、吸烟、饮酒等方面差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);(2)提取到五种膳食模式，分别为膳食模式1(以豆类-鱼虾-菌藻类为主)、膳食模式2(以甜食、糕点类为主)、膳食模式3(以薯类-蔬菜类为主)、膳食模式4(以酒类-含糖饮料类为主)和膳食模式5(以乳类-畜禽肉类为主);(3)多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，以甜食、糕点类为主的膳食模式2[OR=2.03,95%CI:1.30～3.17,P=0.004]和以经常饮用酒类-含糖饮料类为特点的膳食模式4[OR=1.74,95%CI:1.03～2.93,P=0.020]均与成年居民超重/肥胖的发生呈正相关。结论 经常食用以甜食、糕点类为主和以酒类-含糖饮料类为特点的两种膳食模式是发生超重/肥胖的危险因素，均衡膳食、限制饮酒、减少甜食、糕点等高糖食品的摄入或可有效防控超重/肥胖的发生。

Objective To investigate the correlation between dietary patterns and overweight/obesity among adult residents, to provide the reference for prevention and management of overweight and obesity. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted targeting residents aged 18 and above who underwent health check-ups at a hospital in a certain county of Xinjiang, from July to September 2023. Eligible participants underwent dietary and nutritional assessments, including demographic information, dietary surveys, and physical measurements. Based on their body mass index(BMI), participants were classified into 3 groups: normal weight, overweight and obese. Dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis, and the relationship between dietary patterns and overweight/obesity was analyzed using adjusted Logistic regression models. Results(1) A total of 605 participants were included in the study, resulting in 234 individuals(38.68%) in the normal weight group, 213(35.20%) in the overweight group, and 158(26.12%) in the obese group. The overall prevalence of overweight/obesity was found to be 61.32%. Factors such as gender, age, occupational type, marital status, household registration type, number of chronic diseases, family medical history, smoking and alcohol consumption were significant influencers of overweight/obesity(P<0.05).(2) 5 distinct dietary patterns were identified among the residents: Dietary Pattern 1(predominantly beans, fish and shrimp), Dietary Pattern 2(characterized by sweets and pastries), Dietary Pattern 3(focused on tubers and vegetables), Dietary Pattern 4(high consumption of alcoholic beverages and sugary drinks) and Dietary Pattern 5(rich in dairy products and livestock meat).(3) Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that Dietary Pattern 2(characterized by a high intake of sweets and pastries) [OR=2.03,(1.30-3.17), P=0.004] and Dietary Pattern 4(frequent consumption of alcoholic beverages and sugary drinks) [OR=1.74,(1.03-2.93), P=0.020] were positively associated with the incidence of overweight/obesity among the adult residents. Conclusion The study concludes that the frequent consumption of dietary patterns characterized by high sugar content from sweets and pastries, as well as regular intake of alcoholic beverages and sugary drinks, are significant risk factors for overweight/obesity among the adult residents. It is recommended to implement reasonable dietary guidance and interventions for overweight and obese residents, emphasizing balanced diets and the reduction of alcohol consumption, sugars, sugary drinks and high-sugar foods as effective measures to prevent and control overweight and obesity.