新疆医科大学学报

目的 探讨社区居家养老模式下老年人能力现状及其影响因素，为降低老年人能力受损提供参考。方法 采用多阶段整群随机抽样，于2023年抽取某地区2 610名常驻老年人口进行问卷调查。结果 在受调查的2 471名老年人中，能力受损率为97.61%,其中能力完好59人(2.39%),以轻度失能为主，有2 084人(84.34%),中度失能167人(6.76%),重度失能48人(1.94%),完全失能113人(4.57%)。多因素分析结果显示，不同性别、年龄、文化程度、是否独居、有无配偶、医疗付费方式、经济来源和慢性病患病情况的社区居家老年人能力对比，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。年龄较大、独居、患慢性病数量较多的老年人能力受损更严重。结论 本次调查的老年人能力受损率较高，年龄、居住状态，患慢性病数量是影响老年人能力的危险因素。政府、社会、家庭与个人应共同参与，在减缓老年人能力下降速度的同时提高老年人生活质量。

Objective To investigate the current status of ability of the elderly in community-based home care mode and its influencing factors, and to provide reference for reducing the elderly′s ability impairment. Methods A multi-stage cluster random sampling was conducted in 2023 to select 2 610 long-term elderly residents for questionnaire survey. Results Of the 2 471 elderly people surveyed, the rate of impaired ability was 97.61%, including 59 people(2.39%) with complete ability, 2 084 people(84.34%) with mild disability, 167 people(6.76%) with moderate disability, 48 people(1.94%) with severe disability, and 113 people(4.57%) with complete disability. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in ability between community-based home care elderly people of different genders, ages, educational levels, living alone, marital status, payment methods for medical expenses, sources of income and chronic disease conditions(P<0.05). The elderly with higher age, living alone and more chronic diseases had more serious impairment of ability. Conclusion The rate of impaired ability of the elderly surveyed was high. Age, living status and the number of chronic diseases were the risk factors affecting the elderly′s ability. The government, society, families and individuals should work together to slow down the elderly′s decline in ability while improving their quality of life.