新疆医科大学学报

目的 探讨学龄前孤独症谱系障碍(Autism spectrum disorders, ASD)患儿照顾者社会支持、应对方式对照顾负担的影响，为学龄前ASD患儿照顾者降低照顾负担提供一定参考依据。方法 选取2023年12月—2024年10月于乌鲁木齐市3家医院进行康复治疗的学龄前ASD患儿照顾者为研究对象，共纳入213名。采用社会支持评定量表、简易应对方式量表和照顾者负担量表对研究对象进行调查，通过建立多重线性回归模型探讨学龄前ASD患儿照顾者照顾负担的影响因素，采用中介效应检验应对方式在社会支持和照顾负担之间的中介作用。结果 学龄前ASD患儿照顾者照顾负担总分为(30.29±18.31)分，社会支持总分为(39.03±9.62)分，应对方式总分为(26.36±11.53)分；6～7岁患儿组、重度患儿组、残联补助组、治疗时间13个月及以上组、独生子女组、照顾者年龄56岁及以上组、退休组、丧偶组、每日照顾时长10 h及以上组、对ASD完全不了解组、三级专科医院组照顾者负担得分均是最高(P<0.05);Pearson相关性分析结果显示，社会支持和积极应对方式与照顾负担呈负相关(P<0.05);社会支持、应对方式、患病程度、治疗时间、独生子女、每日照顾时长和ASD了解程度是照顾负担的影响因素(P<0.05);中介效应分析结果显示，应对方式在社会支持与照顾负担之间存在着15.42%的中介作用。结论 学龄前ASD患儿照顾者社会支持、应对方式对照顾负担产生负向影响，社会支持通过应对方式间接影响ASD患儿照顾者照顾负担，可以通过提高社会支持，采取积极应对方式减轻照顾者负担。

Objective To explore the impact of social support and coping styles on the caregiving burden among caregivers of preschool children with autism spectrum disorders(ASD), providing a reference for reducing the caregiving burden of preschool ASD caregivers. Methods The study selected 213 caregivers of preschool-aged ASD children who received rehabilitation treatment in 3 hospitals in Urumqi from December 2023 to October 2024. The Social Support Rating Scale, Simplified Coping Style Scale and Caregiver Burden Scale were used to investigate the research subjects. Through establishing a multiple linear regression model, the influencing factors of the caregiver burden of preschool-aged ASD children were explored. The mediating effect test was used to examine the intermediary role of coping styles between social support and caregiver burden. Results The total caregiving burden score among preschool ASD caregivers was 30.29±18.31, the total social support score was 39.03±9.62, and the total coping style score was 26.36±11.53. Caregivers with children aged 6-7 years, severe children, receiving disability union subsidies, undergoing treatment for 13 months or more, having only one child, aged 56 years or older, retired, widowed, providing care for 10 hours or more per day, having no understanding of ASD, and tertiary specialized hospital reported the highest burden scores(P<0.05). Social support and positive coping styles were negatively associated with caregiving burden(P<0.05). Social support, coping style, degree of illness, duration of treatment, only child, daily hours of care and knowledge of ASD were the influencing factors of caregiving burden(P<0.05); the results of the mediation effect analysis showed that there was a 15.42% mediating effect of coping style between social support and caregiving burden. Conclusion Social support and coping styles of caregivers of preschool children with autism were linearly and negatively correlated with caregiving burden, and social support indirectly affects the caregiving burden of caregivers of children with ASD through coping styles, which can be reduced by improving social support and adopting positive coping styles.