新疆医科大学学报

目的了解齐齐哈尔市孕妇分娩前血清维生素D水平的现状并分析其影响因素,为促进孕婴保健提供建议。方法选择齐齐哈尔市3所三甲医院462名孕晚期妇女(38周)为调查对象,对其进行问卷调查和血液生化检查,问卷调查内容包括基础信息、维生素D营养知识、态度、行为4部分,血液生化检查主要测定其血清25-(OH) D的浓度。结果 462名调查对象中维生素D营养状况缺乏249人,占53.89%;维生素D不足的有98人,占21.21%;维生素D正常的115人,占24.89%。不同年龄、孕次、文化程度、居住地的孕妇间血清维生素D营养状况水平差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。维生素D KAP知识平均分为(6.52±2.49)分,态度平均分为(7.30±1.87)分,行为平均分为(5.47±1.91)分。不同维生素D营养状况孕妇知识得分和行为得分及总分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素分析显示孕次、居住地、知识及行为得分是维生素D营养状况的主要影响因素(P<0.05)。结论该地区孕妇维生素D营养状况较差,非首次妊娠、城市、维生素D知识和行为得分越高是孕期维生素D营养状况正常的保护因素,应加强对维生素D缺乏和不足孕妇营养知识的系统教育,改善获取维生素D的相关行为,以促进孕期营养保健。

Objective To investigate the serum vitamin D level and effect factors to provide advice on promoting the health of pregnant women and infant. Methods By random sampling method, a questionnaire survey and the serum vitamin D level detection were conduct among 462 late pregnancy(38 weeks) women from three different tertiary hospitals. Questionnaire survey includes personal basic information, vitamin D knowledge, attitude and behavior. Serum vitamin 25-(OH) D level was detected by blood biochemistry test. Results Among the 462 respondents, 249(53.89%) were deficient in vitamin D nutrition, 98(21.21%) were insufficient in vitamin D, and 115(24.89%) were normal in vitamin D. There were significant differences in serum vitamin D nutritional status among pregnant women of different ages, times of pregnancy, educational level and residence(all P<0.05). The average scores of knowledge, attitude and behavior of vitamin D KAP were(6.52±2.49) and(7.30±1.87) respectively. There were significant differences in knowledge score, behavior score and total score of pregnant women with different vitamin D nutritional status(P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that pregnancy, residence, knowledge and behavior scores were the main influencing factors of vitamin D nutritional status(P<0.05). Conclusion The nutritional status of vitamin D among pregnant women in this area is poor. non-first pregnancy, city and higher scores of knowledge and behavior of vitamin D in pregnancy are the protective factors for the normal nutritional status of vitamin D in pregnant women. Systematic education on vitamin D deficiency and insufficient nutritional knowledge of pregnant women should be strengthened to improve the related behaviors of obtaining vitamin D in order to promote the nutritional health care during pregnancy.